WebNovelPortal/WebNovelPortalAPI/Scrapers/AbstractScraper.cs

using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using HtmlAgilityPack;
using Common.Models.DBDomain;
using Common.Models.Enums;

namespace WebNovelPortalAPI.Scrapers;

public abstract class AbstractScraper : IScraper
{
    protected AbstractScraper()
    {
        var cookieContainer = new CookieContainer();
        var handler = new HttpClientHandler
        {
            CookieContainer = cookieContainer
        };
        HttpClient client = new HttpClient(handler);
        client.DefaultRequestHeaders.UserAgent.Add(new ProductInfoHeaderValue("Chrome","96.0.4664.110"));
        foreach (var cookie in RequestCookies())
        {
            cookieContainer.Add(cookie);
        }

        HttpClient = client;
    }

    protected HttpClient HttpClient { get; }
    protected abstract string UrlMatchPattern { get; }
    protected abstract string BaseUrlPattern { get; }
    protected virtual string? WorkTitlePattern { get; }
    protected virtual string? AuthorNamePattern { get; }
    protected virtual string? AuthorLinkPattern { get; }
    protected virtual string? ChapterUrlPattern { get; }
    protected virtual string? ChapterNamePattern { get; }
    protected virtual string? ChapterPostedPattern { get; }
    protected virtual string? ChapterUpdatedPattern { get; }
    protected virtual string? TagPattern { get; }
    protected virtual string? DatePostedPattern { get; }
    protected virtual string? DateUpdatedPattern { get; }
    protected virtual NovelStatus DefaultStatus => NovelStatus.Unknown;

    protected async Task<HtmlDocument> GetPage(string url)
    {
        var response = await HttpClient.GetAsync(url);
        var doc = new HtmlDocument();
        doc.LoadHtml(await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync());
        return doc;
    }
    
    protected virtual (DateTime? Posted, DateTime? Updated) GetDateTimeForChapter(HtmlNode linkNode, HtmlNode baseNode,
        string baseUrl, string novelUrl)
    {
        return (null, null);
    }
    
    public virtual bool MatchesUrl(string url)
    {
        var regex = new Regex(UrlMatchPattern, RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
        return regex.IsMatch(url);
    }

    protected virtual string GetNovelTitle(HtmlDocument document, string baseUrl, string novelUrl)
    {
        var xpath = WorkTitlePattern;
        return document.DocumentNode.SelectSingleNode(xpath).InnerText;
    }

    protected virtual Author GetAuthor(HtmlDocument document, string baseUrl, string novelUrl)
    {
        var nameXPath = AuthorNamePattern;
        var urlXPath = AuthorLinkPattern;
        try
        {
            var authorName = document.DocumentNode.SelectSingleNode(nameXPath).InnerText;
            var authorUrl = document.DocumentNode.SelectSingleNode(urlXPath).Attributes["href"].Value;
            Author author = new Author
            {
                Name = authorName,
                Url = $"{baseUrl + authorUrl}"
            };
            return author;
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            return null;
        }

    }

    protected virtual List<Chapter> GetChapters(HtmlDocument document, string baseUrl, string novelUrl)
    {
        var urlxpath = ChapterUrlPattern;
        var namexpath = ChapterNamePattern;
        var urlnodes = document.DocumentNode.SelectNodes(urlxpath);
        var chapters = urlnodes.Select((node, i) =>
        {
            var dates = GetDateTimeForChapter(node, document.DocumentNode, baseUrl, novelUrl);
            return new Chapter
            {
                ChapterNumber = i + 1,
                Url = $"{baseUrl}{node.Attributes["href"].Value}",
                Name = node.SelectSingleNode(namexpath).InnerText,
                DatePosted = dates.Posted?.ToUniversalTime(),
                DateUpdated = dates.Updated?.ToUniversalTime()
            };
        });

        return chapters.ToList();
    }

    protected virtual List<Tag> GetTags(HtmlDocument document, string baseUrl, string novelUrl)
    {
        var xpath = TagPattern;
        var nodes = document.DocumentNode.SelectNodes(xpath);
        return nodes.Select(node => new Tag
        {
            TagValue = node.InnerText
        }).Union(GetMetadataTags(document, baseUrl, novelUrl)).ToList();
    }

    protected virtual DateTime GetPostedDate(HtmlDocument document, string baseUrl, string novelUrl)
    {
        var xpath = DatePostedPattern;
        return DateTime.Parse(document.DocumentNode.SelectSingleNode(xpath).InnerText).ToUniversalTime();
    }

    protected virtual DateTime GetLastUpdatedDate(HtmlDocument document, string baseUrl, string novelUrl)
    {
        var xpath = DateUpdatedPattern;
        return DateTime.Parse(document.DocumentNode.SelectSingleNode(xpath).InnerText).ToUniversalTime();
    }

    protected virtual List<Cookie> RequestCookies()
    {
        return new List<Cookie>();
    }

    protected abstract IEnumerable<Tag> GetMetadataTags(HtmlDocument document, string baseUrl, string novelUrl);

    public virtual async Task<Novel> ScrapeNovel(string url)
    {

        var baseUrl = new Regex(BaseUrlPattern, RegexOptions.IgnoreCase).Match(url).Value;
        var novelUrl = new Regex(UrlMatchPattern, RegexOptions.IgnoreCase).Match(url).Value;
        var doc = await GetPage(novelUrl);
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(doc.Text))
        {
            throw new Exception("Error parsing document");
        }
        
        return new Novel
        {
            Author = GetAuthor(doc, baseUrl, novelUrl),
            Chapters = GetChapters(doc, baseUrl, novelUrl),
            DatePosted = GetPostedDate(doc, baseUrl, novelUrl),
            LastUpdated = GetLastUpdatedDate(doc, baseUrl, novelUrl),
            Tags = GetTags(doc, baseUrl, novelUrl),
            Title = GetNovelTitle(doc, baseUrl, novelUrl),
            Url = novelUrl,
            Status = DefaultStatus
        };
    }

    public Task<string?> ScrapeChapterContent(string chapterUrl)
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }
}